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Synthetic diamonds are a hot subject at present and there is more production of gem quality synthetic diamonds now than ever before. The main companies involved are Gemesis Cultured Diamonds and Apollo Diamond Inc, both companies are based in America. There have been major advances in the production of synthetic diamonds since General Electric first produced synthetic diamonds in 1954.
HPHT treatment was developed by General Electric to improve the colour of certain types of natural diamonds. During the formation and subsequent transportation of diamond crystals from deep within the earths crust to the surface, distortion of the crystal lattice causes some diamonds to have a brown body colour. Only if the diamond has negligible nitrogen and boron can the HPHT treatment be successful. It is estimated that only three diamonds out of ten thousand diamonds have this combination to be suitable for treatment.
Fracture filling is a post - cutting process which improves the clarity of a diamond. This is achieved by a process of filling surface reaching cleavages, fractures and laser drill holes with glass or epoxy to make them less visible.
Laser drilling is another treatment designed to improve the clarity and therefore appearance of a diamond which contains dark inclusions. A tiny hole is drilled into the diamond with a laser until it reaches the inclusion. The inclusion is then bleached or dissolved by acid. Some diamonds can have multiple drill holes.
Diamonds that have been treated to produce fancy colours are called treated colour or colour enhanced diamonds. The process involves artificially altering the colour of a diamond by exposure to radiation and/or other methods. Colours produced are the full range of the spectrum.
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